認識您的石材，從正確保養開始
要讓天然石材長久保持美觀與耐用，第一步就是了解它的材質與特性。不同石材，適用的清潔方式也不同。
天然石材依形成方式分為三類：沉積岩、變質岩、火成岩，根據主要成分，又可分為以下兩種：
- 含鈣質石材（如大理石、石灰石）：主要成分為碳酸鈣，對酸性物質敏感，遇酸容易腐蝕、失去光澤。建議使用中性或溫和、不含酸性的清潔劑進行日常保養。
- 含矽質石材（如花崗岩、板岩、砂岩）：主要含矽酸鹽成分，相對耐酸，但仍可能含有少量對酸敏感的礦物。為保險起見，仍建議避免使用酸性清潔產品。
選擇合適的清潔方式，能有效延長石材壽命，維持其天然質感與光澤。
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張表看懂
石材保養小撇步
杯墊
請在所有杯子下方使用杯墊，尤其是含有酒精或柑橘類果汁的飲品，以避免石材表面受損。
隔熱墊
雖然多數石材具有耐熱性，仍建議使用隔熱墊或餐墊，以避免高溫造成表面熱痕或裂紋。
除塵拖地
經常使用乾淨、不含化學處理的乾拖把清潔室內地板。沙塵與細小碎石具有磨損性，可能會刮傷天然石材表面。
地墊／地毯
在出入口內外鋪設地墊或地毯，可減少鞋底帶入的沙粒與灰塵，避免刮傷石材地板。請確保地墊背面具防滑材質，以防滑倒。
吸塵器
如使用吸塵器，請確認吸頭、配件及輪子未磨損或破損，以免刮傷石材表面。
灑漏處理
液體灑出時，立即用紙巾輕壓吸乾，切勿來回擦拭，以免擴散。接著用清水加中性皂液沖洗多次，再以柔軟乾布擦乾，必要時可重複以上步驟。
清潔建議
使用中性清潔劑、石材專用皂液，或溫和的中性洗碗精搭配溫水清潔石材表面。就像清洗家中其他物品一樣，清潔劑濃度不宜過高，以免留下殘留物或水痕。請依照產品使用說明進行清潔。
清潔地面建議使用乾淨的棉質拖把，其他表面則可用柔軟布料擦拭。清洗後請以清水徹底沖淨，並用乾布擦乾，效果最佳。
- 記得勤換清水，避免髒水留下污漬。
- 浴室或濕區建議每次使用後以刮水器清除水痕，可有效減少皂垢。
- 如需去除皂垢，可使用非酸性的除垢劑，或用氨水與水的混合液（比例約 1/2 杯氨水：1 加侖水）清潔。注意：氨水不宜過度頻繁使用，可能會導致某些石材表面變霧。
戶外泳池、露台或熱水池區域，請以清水沖洗並可搭配稀釋漂白水清除青苔或苔蘚。
清潔用品選擇建議
市面上有許多石材專用或通用的清潔產品可供選擇，但選擇時務必注意成分，避免使用會損傷石材的化學品。
- 含有檸檬、醋或其他酸性成分的清潔劑，會造成含鈣質石材（如大理石、石灰石）表面變暗或被酸蝕，請避免使用。
- 去污粉或膏狀磨砂產品常含有細微磨料，可能會刮傷某些石材表面。
- 市售許多去鏽產品（如洗衣去鏽劑、馬桶清潔劑）常含微量氟化氫（HF），這類酸性物質不只會侵蝕含鈣石材，連花崗岩、石英岩等矽質石材也會受損。
絕對不可將氨水（Ammonia）與漂白水（Bleach）混合使用，混合後會產生有毒且致命的氣體，危害健康安全。
石材防護｜關於施作防護劑
有些天然石材會額外施作防護處理，作為預防污漬滲入的一道保護。
實際上，石材業常用的所謂「防護劑」應稱為滲透型防護劑（Impregnator），它並不會完全封住石材表面，而是形成一層防污的保護層。
✅ 防護處理能讓石材具備抗污能力，但不代表防護後就完全不會被染色。
與石材供應商或專業人員討論時，您可能會發現：部分石材本身就不需防護處理，但實務上，大多數人仍會視需求選擇施作滲透型防護劑作為預防性措施。
若您打算在廚房、餐飲區等食物接觸面使用防護劑，請務必確認產品為無毒、食品安全等級。
防護處理的使用時機、頻率與產品選擇，建議依照石材種類與防護劑廠商建議為主，並諮詢您的石材供應商以獲得最合適的建議。
污漬判別小技巧
正確判斷污漬的種類，是成功去除的第一步。
常見的石材污漬類型包括：油性污漬、有機污漬、金屬污漬、生物污漬、墨水、油漆與酸性腐蝕痕跡。
若您無法確定污漬來源，可從以下問題著手推測可能的污染源：
- 污漬出現在哪個位置？
- 是否靠近植物、廚房或化妝品使用區？
- 污漬顏色為何？
- 污漬形狀或分布有特別的圖樣嗎？
- 污漬周圍是否有其他異常情況？
CLEANING
Clean stone surfaces with a neutral cleaner, stone soap, or a mild liquid dishwashing detergent and warm water. Similar to any item cleaned in your home, an excessive concentration of cleaner or soap may leave a film and cause streaks. Follow manufacturer recommendations.
Use a clean rag mop on floors and a soft cloth for other surfaces for best results. Rinse the surface thoroughly after washing with the soap solution and dry with a soft cloth.
Change the rinse water frequently. In the bath or other wet areas, soap scum can be minimized by using a squeegee after each use. To remove soap scum, use a non-acidic soap scum remover or a solution of ammonia and water (about 1/2 cup ammonia to a gallon of water).
Frequent or over-use of an ammonia solution may eventually dull the surface of some stone types. In outdoor pool, patio or hot tub areas, flush with clear water and use mild bleach solution to remove algae or moss.
CLEANING PRODUCTS
Many suppliers offer products used for stone cleaning. Products containing lemon, vinegar or other acids may dull or etch calcareous stones.
Scouring powders or creams often contain abrasives that may scratch certain stones. Many commercially available rust removers (laundry rust stain removers, toilet bowl cleaners) contain trace levels of hydrofluoric acid (HF). This acid attacks silicates in addition to other minerals. All stones, including granite and quartzite, will be attacked if exposed to HF.
Do not mix ammonia and bleach. This combination creates a toxic and lethal gas
SEALING
Sealing is a common step taken on some stones as an extra precaution against staining. In fact, the sealing products used in the stone industry are “impregnators” which do not actually seal the stone, but more correctly act as a repellent rather than a sealer.
Sealing does not make the stone stain proof, rather it makes the stone more stain resistant. When consulting with your stone supplier, you may find that many stones do not require sealing. However, applying an impregnating sealer is a common practice.
When considering sealing, remember that sealing the stone does not make the stone stain proof, it makes it more resistant to staining. If a sealer is applied in a food preparation area, be sure that it is non-toxic and safe for use.
Consult with your supplier or sealing manufacturer specific to the type of sealer and frequency of use recommended.
STAIN IDENTIFICATION TIPS
Identifying the type of stain on the stone surface is the key to removing it. Stains can be
oil based, organic, metallic, biological, ink based, paint based, acid based. If you don’t
know what caused the stain, consider likely staining agents that may have been
present. Here are some questions you consider:
– Where is the stain located?
– Is it near a plant, a food service area, an area where cosmetics are used?
– What color is it?
– What is the shape or pattern?
– What occurs in the area around the stain?
– Stain Removal Steps:
Surface stains can often be removed by cleaning with an appropriate cleaning product or household chemical.
如何判斷污漬種類？
以下將介紹常見的污漬類型，以及可使用的家用清潔用品。此外，也會說明如何調製與使用吸附式清潔劑，來有效去除石材上的污漬。
油性污漬
（如：油脂、水管工用填縫膏、瀝青、食用油、牛奶、化妝品等）
油性污漬會使石材表面變暗，需使用化學方式分解油脂，才能徹底清除。建議使用柔和型液體清潔劑，搭配下列其中一種清潔用品：
- 家用中性清潔劑
- 石油醚（如松節油）
- 丙酮（acetone）
請用柔軟的布或海綿輕輕擦拭，避免刮傷石材。
有機污漬
（如：咖啡、茶、紅酒、水果、菸草、紙張、食物、尿液、樹葉、樹皮、鳥糞等）
這類污漬可能會造成粉紅或棕色污點，當污染源移除後，有時會自然淡化。
- 戶外：在移除污染源後，日曬與雨水通常可逐漸將污漬漂淡。
- 室內：建議使用12% 雙氧水（美髮用漂白強度），並加入少量**氨水（ammonia）**清潔。
生物性污漬
（如：青苔、黴菌、地衣、苔蘚、真菌等）
建議使用稀釋後的清潔液清洗。可選擇以下其中一種清潔劑，每次使用約 1/2 杯 搭配 1 加侖清水混合使用：
- 氨水（Ammonia）
- 漂白水（Bleach）
- 雙氧水（Hydrogen Peroxide）
⚠️ 注意：切勿將漂白水與氨水混合使用，避免產生有毒氣體。
墨水類污漬
（如：奇異筆、原子筆、墨水）
- 淺色石材：可使用漂白水或雙氧水清潔。
- 深色石材：建議使用**硝基稀釋劑（Lacquer Thinner）或丙酮（Acetone）**處理。
請用柔軟的布或海綿輕輕擦拭，避免刮傷石材。
水漬與水圈
（硬水在石材表面殘留的礦物質）
可使用乾的 0000 細鋼絲絨（超細鋼絲絨）輕輕拋光表面，去除痕跡。
火災／煙燻污漬
（如：壁爐煙燻、火災後的石材表面污染）
較舊的石材或經煙燻污染的壁爐，可能需要更徹底的清潔。清除煙漬後，石材表面可能會出現腐蝕痕跡（etching），這是由煙中的碳酸與其他酸性物質造成的。
建議使用市售煙燻清潔劑（smoke remover），可節省時間並提高清潔效果。
酸蝕痕
（由酸性物質接觸石材表面所造成）
有些酸性物質會腐蝕石材表面但不留下明顯污漬，有些則同時會造成腐蝕與染色。
若出現酸蝕痕跡，建議聯絡您的石材供應商或請專業石材修復人員進行表面重整或重新拋光。
刮痕與缺角
- 輕微刮痕：可使用乾的 0000 細鋼絲絨輕輕拋光修復。
- 較深的刮痕或缺角：建議由專業人員進行修補與拋光，避免自行處理造成更大損傷。
金屬污漬
（如：鐵鏽、銅鏽、青銅）
- 鐵鏽污漬 通常呈現橘色至棕色，並依附在造成污染的物體形狀上，如釘子、螺絲、鐵罐、花盆或金屬家具。
- 銅與青銅污漬 則會呈現綠色或污濁棕色，多由潮濕環境中與石材接觸的銅器、青銅器或黃銅零件所產生。
此類污漬需使用**吸附式清潔劑（Poultice）**進行處理。
詳細製作與使用方式請參考：
👉 www.marble-institute.com/consumers/poultices/
⚠️ 若為深層鐵鏽滲入石材內部的情況，去除難度高，且石材可能無法完全恢復原狀。
油漆污漬
- 少量油漆可用硝基稀釋劑（Lacquer Thinner）清除，或以刮刀（如美工刀片）小心刮除。
- 若為大面積油漆覆蓋，建議使用市售強效液態除漆劑（可於五金行或油漆材料行購得）。此類產品通常含有苛性鈉或強鹼成分。
⚠️ 切勿使用酸性清潔劑或明火工具處理石材油漆污漬，以免損傷石材表面。
除漆劑可能造成表面酸蝕（etching），必要時需重新拋光。
使用前請務必依照產品說明操作，並用清水徹底沖洗乾淨。操作時請配戴橡膠手套與護目鏡，並確保空氣流通良好。
移除漆渣時請使用木製或塑膠刮板，避免刮傷石材。
通常乳膠漆與壓克力漆不會造成染色；但油性漆、亞麻仁油、填縫膏、密封劑等可能造成油性污漬，請參考【油性污漬處理方式】。
白華現象
（石材表面出現白色粉末）
這是由水分從石材內部帶出礦物鹽結晶所引起。當水分蒸發後，鹽分便殘留於表面形成白色粉末。
- 若為新安裝石材，建議使用乾拖把或吸塵器清除白粉，並重複數次直到石材自然乾燥。
- 切勿用水直接清洗白粉，這只會讓它暫時消失，不會真正解決問題。
- 若白華現象持續發生，請聯絡施工單位協助檢查水氣來源並進行處理。
油性污漬
（如：油脂、水管工用填縫膏、瀝青、食用油、牛奶、化妝品等） 油性污漬會使石材表面變暗，需使用化學方式分解油脂，才能徹底清除。建議使用柔和型液體清潔劑，搭配下列其中一種清潔用品:
Organic
(coffee, tea, wine, fruit, tobacco, paper, food, urine, leaves, bark, bird droppings) May cause a pinkish-brown stain and may disappear after the source of the stain has been removed. Outdoors, with the sources removed, sun and rain action will generally bleach out the stains. Indoors, clean with 12% hydrogen peroxide (hair bleaching strength) and a few drops of ammonia.
Biological
(algae, mildew, lichens, moss, fungi) Clean with diluted cleaning solution. Use a 1/2 cup of any of the following: ammonia, bleach, or hydrogen peroxide and a gallon of water. Reminder: do not mix bleach and ammonia.
Ink
(magic marker, pen, ink) On light colored stones, clean with bleach or hydrogen peroxide. On dark colored stones, clean with lacquer thinner or acetone.
Water Spots & Rings
(surface accumulation of hard water) Buff with dry 0000 steel wool.
Fire & Smoke Damage
Older stones and smoke or fire-stained fireplaces may require a thorough cleaning. When the smoke is removed, there may also be some etching (due to carbonic & other acids in smoke). Commercially available "smoke removers" may save time and effort.
Etch Marks
(caused by acids left on the surface of the stone) Some materials will etch the finish but not leave a stain. Others will both etch and stain. Contact your stone dealer or call a professional stone restorer for refinishing or repolishing etched areas.
Scratches & Nicks
Slight surface scratches may be buffed with dry 0000 steel wool. Deeper scratches and nicks in the surface of the stone should be repaired and repolished by a professional.
Using a Poultice
Go to www.marble-institute.com/consumers/poultices/ for more information, or call a stone professional (recommended).
Metal
(iron, rust, copper, bronze) Iron or rust stains are orange to brown in color and follow the shape of the staining object such as nails, bolts, screws, cans, flower pots, metal furniture. Copper and bronze stains appear as green or muddy-brown and result from the action of moisture on nearby or embedded bronze, copper or brass items. Metal stains must be removed with a poultice. (See website on Using a Poultice – www.marble-institute.com/consumers/poultices/. Deep-seated, rusty stains are extremely difficult to remove and the stone may be permanently stained.
Paint
Small amounts can be removed with lacquer thinner or scraped off carefully with a razor blade. Heavy paint coverage should be removed only with a commercial "heavy liquid" paint stripper available from hardware stores and paint centers. These strippers normally contain caustic soda or lye. Do not use acids or flame tools to strip paint from stone. Paint strippers can etch the surface of the stone; repolishing may be necessary. Follow the manufacturer's directions for use of these products, and flush the area thoroughly with clean water. Protect yourself with rubber gloves and eye protection, and work in a well-ventilated area. Use only wood or plastic scrapers for removing the sludge and curdled paint. Normally, latex and acrylic paints will not cause staining. Oil-based paints, linseed oil, putty, caulks and sealants may cause oily stains. Refer to the section on oil-based stains.
Efflorescence
(a white powder that may appear on the surface of the stone) It is caused by the deposition of mineral salts carried by water from below the surface of the stone. When the water evaporates, it leaves the powdery substance. If the installation is new, dust mop or vacuum the powder. You may have to do this several times as the stone dries out. Do not use water to remove the powder; it will only temporarily disappear. If the problem persists, contact your installer to help identify and remove the cause of the moisture.
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